A Comparison of The Ministers Black Veil and the Birthmark Essay

A Comparison of The Ministers Black Veil and the Birthmark Both of these stories revolve around a lot of symbolism. These stories, since they really don't make a lot of sense on their own, force the reader to look deeper in an attempt to understand the ideas that Hawthorne tries to get across. The first and most evident symbol is the faces of the people. Georgiana has the birthmark if the shape of a hand, and the black veil that Hooper wore. I think that Hawthorne chooses to focus on the peoples faces because a person"s face is pretty much the center of their being. The face is where a person shows the majority of their emotions, and it holds the brain, which well, is where everything starts at. So, a person"s face is very important. Another prevalent symbol to me is the idea of sin. In The Ministers Black Veil Hooper just suddenly one day shows up to church wearing a veil. At first the people are sort of angered by it. People soon start to flock to his congregation to view the spectacle, and go so far as to test their 'courage' by seeing who will go and talk to him. I think that the veil could represent sin. In The Ministers Black Veil Hooper was either trying to hide his sin from the people so that they could not judge him, which is god"s job, or maybe he was trying to protecting his self from the sins of the people. In the end of The Ministers Black Veil Hooper dies, and sees his congregation all wearing black veils, which would probably hint that maybe it represented the sin in all of us. In The Birthmark Georgiana"s birthmark could represent, as some religions believe, the original sin which is bestowed on all by the 'hand' of god. But, unlike Hooper, Georgiana could not help her markings. ... ...iana, almost perfect, is still mortal, and carries the burden of original sin. This is the puritan idea that every human is sinful. The Birthmark is in the shape of a hand because it is the work of God, done by God's own hand and will. In short, Alymer tries to play God by ridding Georgiana of her original sin, and make a perfect being. But no mortal can be perfect, and no mortal can not have original sin. Thus when the experiment works, Georgiana achieves perfection and can no longer be a mortal, thus she dies. Moral of the story: You cannot improve on God's creation. Alymer is a sinner because he tries to be god by trying to improve on God's creation. He is successful in improving georgiana, but is not successful in improving God's creation, because Georgiana can no longer live as a mortal, and she then dies - thus Alymer is unsuccessful.

Adults with Mental Retardation

Mental retardation is considered to be a condition where in the development of the brain is behind most of the people and disorderly, which also comes before the age of 18 that impairs the ability to learn adequate and relevant skills and knowledge (Ainsworth & Baker, 2004).In more simple terms, the condition of mental retardation is where a person’s mental capabilities are behind most people for the particular age group he/she belongs to (Patel, 2002). As these are life-long illnesses, these lasts up to the stage of people where they live as young and adults.Mental retardation is indeed a serious condition in which the people with such case are suffering from different difficulties. Normally, a person that is diagnosed with such case, is seem to be of a lower capability to developed mentally, learn and solve problems on their own.As such, mental retardation has within its scope the conditions wherein the person or individual with this diagnosis has a lower than average physic al capability.There are different types of mental retardation. First, clinical retardation is considered to be the type of mental retardation which is a result of a particular medical cause (Shepherd, 1982). It can be detected early and that this is associated with insufficiencies in terms of â€Å"neurological, metabolic, or physiological† (Shepherd, 1982, p. 174). The intelligence quotient of the individuals suffering from this is commonly lesser than 50 (Shepherd, 1982).Second, there is also a form of mental retardation that is referred to as social cultural retardation that is milder and usually involves people who have intelligence quotient that ranges from 55 to 69 (Shepherd, 1982). There are several differences that are noticed from that of the first and this classification especially in terms of the degree to which they are disadvantaged (Shepherd, 1982).Needs of Adults with Mental RetardationWith the several types of mental retardation and the broad range of illnesse s associated with it, there are also different needs that are realized in light of these illnesses (Drew & Hardman, 2000).There are several general needs that are required by the adults with mental retardation and while it can be seen that most people also have the same type of need, there are specific types of special attention that are required in light of the disabilities that they have.First, there are residential services that are given to the young and old adults who are suffering from mental retardation (Hersen & Van Hasselt, 1998; Fluharty, 1988; Melillo & Houde, 2005).It is realized that these adults require more time and a form of special medical attention that could not be given at home, there are shelters which provide for services for a fee.There are changing patterns of familial relationships and set-ups especially with the greater demands such as the need of people to earn a greater rate of income. Likewise, lesser time is spent at home with more people being required to take additional hours at work to finish certain tasks and responsibilities.Second, this particular group of people should have access to information (Walling & Irwin, 1995). The situation of these people is that their mental conditions are retarded or are impaired but it has to be realized that it is not totally absent.While it may take them time for them to learn and acquire the necessary skills, knowledge, and abilities, patience would lead them to reach the normal condition where they are able to live a life that is near normal. Their state of mental retardation should not be the cause of them being deprived for information services. Rather, they should be the ones who are given a privilege and consideration for such to enable them to accomplish and live the life they are expected to live.Third, there is a need for their mental health to be constantly monitored and given ample medications for individuals suffering from mental health conditions have a greater likelihood of acq uiring mental problems (Thyer & Wodarski, 2007).In cases where it is applicable, regular monitoring with a doctor is needed to ensure that the condition of the person is maintained to a healthy level and the risk of acquiring mental problems are kept at bay. It is proven that prevention is definitely better than cure and this holds true for mental health.Fourth, the government should be able to provide a subsidy for the young and old adults in terms of their basic and medical needs. There are several programs that intend to provide for care with regard to the mental health of patients and it would be helpful if there are specific health advocacies which are intended mainly for the young and old adults and their needs.This step would take a considerable amount of public lobbying especially for the funds that are required for it. Relevant studies and public policy analysis would have to be made for them with experts on the said field converging together with other authorities in order to come up with a comprehensive and implementable plan for the people with regard to their mental health and other needs.With regard to their basic needs, identification and provision of such would also have to go through the same process in lieu of a stakeholder analysis.Lastly, people with mental retardation also need a greater social sphere where they could interact and learn (Luchterhand & Murphy, 1998). They should not be deprived of the right to have social development and should not be isolated from other people simply because of the condition that they have. In fact, the social surrounding that is built for them would greatly help as they cope with the difficulties that they have to face.Community InvolvementThe primary factor in reaping community involvement is that of a heightened awareness in terms of the real setting that people with mental health retardation have to live in. There are several stereotypes that should be cleared and these include â€Å"lack of inhibitio ns and moral sense, rigidity, and attention seeking† (as cited in Wiener & Dulcan, 2004, p. 238).Members of the community should be involved with programs that are intended to uplift the self-esteem and the living condition of young and old adults with mental retardation.This should require them to deal from the first stage, which is the identification of the problems or the planning stage until the time where these programs are implemented. The members of the community could serve as volunteers and friends of young and old adults with mental retardation, which also broadens the social sphere of both groups (Switzky, Hickson, & Schalock, 2006).Constant evaluation through the help of key persons in the community is also necessary to oversee the different problems and achievements that would serve as the constant motivating factor for the members of the initiative.ReferencesAinsworth, P. & Baker, P. (2004). Understanding mental retardation: A resource for parents, caregivers, an d counselors. USA: University Press of Mississippi.Drew, C. & Hardman, M. (2000). Mental retardation: A life cycle approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall.Fluharty, S. (1988). International review of research in mental retardation. Vol. 20. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Luchterhand, C. & Murphy, N. (1998). Helping adults with mental retardation grieve a death loss. NY: Brunner-Routledge.Melillo, K. & Houde, S. (2005). Geropsychiatric and mental health nursing. Sadbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.Patel, V. (2002). Where there is no psychiatrist: A mental health care manual. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists.Shepherd, M. (1982). Handbook of psychiatry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Switzky, H., Hickson, L., Schalock, R. (2006). Mental retardation, personality, and motivational systems: Mental retardation, personality, and motivational systems. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Thyer, B. & Wodarski, J. (2007). Social work in mental health: An evidence-ba sed approach. NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Walling, L. & Irwin, M. (1995). Information services for people with developmental disabilities: The library manager’s handbook. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.Wiener, J. & Dulcan, M. (2004). Textbook of child and adolescent psychiatry. 3rd ed. USA: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Strokes Used in Chinese Characters

The earliest forms of Chinese writing date from the Xia Dynasty (2070 - 1600 BC). These were etched on animal bones and turtle shells which are known as oracle bones. The writing on oracle bones is known as ç” ²Ã© ª ¨Ã¦â€"‡ (jiÄÆ'gÃ… ­wà ©n). Oracle bones were used for divination by heating them up and interpreting the resulting cracks. The script recorded the questions and answers. JiÄÆ'gÃ… ­wà ©n script clearly shows the origins of current Chinese characters. Although much more stylized than the current characters, jiÄÆ'gÃ… ­wà ©n script is often recognizable to modern readers. Evolution of Chinese Script The JiÄÆ'gÃ… ­wà ©n script consists of objects, people or things. As the need for recording more complex ideas arose, new characters were introduced. Some characters are combinations of two or more simpler characters, each of which can contribute a particular meaning or sound to the more complex character. As the Chinese writing system became more formalized, the concepts of strokes and radicals became its foundation. Strokes are the basic gestures used to write Chinese characters, and radicals are the building blocks of all Chinese characters. Depending on the classification system, there are about 12 different strokes and 216 different radicals. The Eight Basic Strokes There are many ways to classify strokes. Some systems find up to 37 different strokes, but many of these are variations. The Chinese character æ ° ¸ (yÇ’ng), meaning forever or permanence is often used to illustrate the 8 basic strokes of Chinese characters. They are: DiÇŽn, (é »Å¾/ç‚ ¹) DotHà ©ng, (æ © «) HorizontalShà ¹, (ç « ª) ErectGÃ… u, (é‰ ¤) HookTà ­, (æ  ) RaiseWÄ n, (Ã¥ ½Å½/Ã¥ ¼ ¯) Bend, curvePiÄ›, (æ’‡) Throw away, slantNà  , (æ  º) Pressing forcefully These eight strokes can be seen in the diagram above. All Chinese characters are composed of these 8 basic strokes, and knowledge of these strokes is essential for any student of Mandarin Chinese who wishes to write Chinese characters by hand. It is now possible to write in Chinese on the computer, and never write the characters by hand. Even so, it is still a good idea to become familiar with strokes and radicals, since they are used as a classification system in many dictionaries. The Twelve Strokes Some systems of stroke classification identify 12 basic strokes. In addition to the 8 strokes seen above, the 12 strokes include variations on GÃ… u, (é‰ ¤) Hook, which include: æ ¨ ªÃ©â€™ © Hà ©ng GÃ… uç «â€"é’ © Shà ¹ GÃ… uÃ¥ ¼ ¯Ã©â€™ © WÄ n GÃ… uæâ€"Å"é’ © Xià © GÃ… u Stroke Order Chinese characters are written with a codified stroke order. The basic stroke order is Left to Right, Top to Bottom but more rules are added as the characters become more complex.   Stroke Count Chinese characters range from 1 to 64 strokes. The stroke count is an important way to classify Chinese characters in dictionaries. If you know how to write Chinese characters by hand, you will be able to count the number of strokes in an unknown character, allowing you to look it up in the dictionary. This is a very useful skill, especially when the characters radical is not evident. Stroke count is also used when naming babies. Traditional beliefs in Chinese culture hold that a persons destiny in greatly influenced by their name, so great care is taken to choose a name that will bring good fortune to the bearer. This involves choosing Chinese characters that are in harmony with each other, and which have the proper number of strokes. Simplified and Traditional Characters Beginning in the 1950s, the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) introduced simplified Chinese characters to promote literacy. Close to 2,000 Chinese characters were altered from their traditional form, in the belief that these characters would be easier to read and write. Some of these characters are quite different from their traditional counterparts which are still used in Taiwan. The underlying principals of character writing, however, remain the same, and the same types of strokes are used in both traditional and simplified Chinese characters.

Viral Hepatitis and Health Care Workers Free Essay Example, 2000 words

This paper tells that out of all the known strains of hepatitis, hepatitis B is the most prevalent worldwide, with both its mortality and infection rates being the highest. It is commonly referred to as HBV, meaning hepatitis B virus. According to a report published by the World Health Organization, hepatitis B is a very critical occupational hazard for all health workers when compared to hepatitis A (HAV) or C (HCV), which also occur among health workers. The same report also backs up previously stated claims that HBV is more infectious (about 50-100 times more) than HIV/AIDS, but states that vaccination is the best way of preventing it. Hepatitis B and C are often transmitted via blood contact, contamination and use of unsterilized needles or equipment. HCWs that come into contact with blood products, human blood or bodily fluids that are potentially infectious are more susceptible to HBV and HCV. Over the years, it has also been established that some spheres of healthcare represe nt more risk, with orthopedic services, surgery and gynecology leading the list. CDC requires and recommends that all emergency personnel, HCWs and other people who are regularly exposed to bodily fluids and blood at work must be vaccinated against HBV. We will write a custom essay sample on Viral Hepatitis and Health Care Workers or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This vaccine guarantees a lifetime protection against HBV. Since a vaccine is yet to develop for HCV, it is highly recommended that universal precautions are strictly adhered to in addition to employing safe and simple techniques with the aim of avoiding exposure. All HCWs must follow these precautions to the latter in order to protect not only themselves but also their colleagues and patients. For individuals who are unvaccinated but who think that they may have been exposed to and contracted HBV, they should be put under post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) as soon as possible. If testing reveals that they are positive for HBV, they must be vaccinated against the disease. In this regard, they receive an initial dose of the vaccine, followed by a single dose of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) not more than 24 hours after the confirmation of positive results.

Immigration 9500 Liberty Essay - 2000 Words

Justice 202-2: WIP OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: Analyzing 9500 Liberty The documentary 9500 Liberty by Annabel Park and Eric Byler told of the inequality that immigrants faced in Prince William County, a small community in Virginia. On October 16, 2007, eight members of the Prince William County Board of Supervisors voted unanimously on emergency funding to implement immigration resolution. This new law made it possible for police officers in Prince William County to question anyone they suspected to be in the country illegally based on factors such as their skin color and language. This paper will discuss the different perspectives appearing in the film 9500 Liberty in an effort to evaluate and critic arguments made by both parties in†¦show more content†¦The aftermath of the vote left many citizens in a state of panic on both sides. As many Latinos moved out of Prince William County to flee the injustice, the mainly white citizens that once stood up to protest for the bill began to see financial hardship that the absence of immigrants ca used the county. Prince William County experienced the highest foreclosure rate in the region, declining retail sales, failing businesses, falling property values, and a decrease of generated taxes were some of the factors that the county was left with as the immigrants migrated to welcoming parts of the country. Due to the aftermath many residents that once supported the bill began to realize their error and began to acknowledge that the bill was a mistake- that coupled with the accusation of Chief Deane as committing treason. Chris Pannell the membership director of â€Å"Help Save Manassas† was one of the people that left the group after realizing the unbearable problems that were occurring due to law being passed. In April of 2008 the Board of Supervisors met again to vote on the motion to raise taxes and retain the â€Å"probable cause† mandate. However, this time around the opposing side was no longer the Latino community. In April the sides consisted of â€Å"Help Save Manassas†, Greg

California Bullet Train Free Essays

Okay my current event is on the california bullet train. This train will go from San Francisco to Los Angeles. The state senate just recently gave 8 billion dollars for the first part of the 130 miles of track and also a couple other local transit upgrades. We will write a custom essay sample on California Bullet Train or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was a tough win for democratic leaders because they got the bare minimum of 21 votes which were all democratic votes. This was a victory for Governor Jerry Brown and the Obama administration who have been pushing for this. It would also be the first bullet train in the U. S. The train will begin construction in the central valley from Bakersfield to Madera, which will cost about 5. 9 billion. Out of the 5. 9 billion, about 3. 2 billion is federal money and 2. 6 billion is state bonds. The train will travel at 220 MPH and get you to L. A. in about 2 and a half hours. There is also 2 billion for other rail projects, like the electrification of Cal train in the bay area and improvements for the Metrolink in Los Angeles County. With the electrification of cal train, the trains would be much lighter, quieter and put out 90% less pollution then the current diesel engines. They will be much safer, they will start and stop much more quickly then before, and will also be compatible with the rails they currently use. The proposition for the bullet train was first on the 2008 ballot and was then approved t, it gave 9. 9 billion to the project, since then the project has had delays and rising costs. In 2008 the total price of the bullet train was 33 billion, when voters okayed it. Now the estimated cost has more than doubled at 68 billion and the completion date was pushed from 2020 to 2028. A Los Angeles times poll in may showed that 59% of voters would reject the plan if it were back on the ballot. There is still a lot of work in the way before they can begin construction and is unclear when it will begin. They have to fight off five current lawsuits against the project, they have to negotiate with property owners along the route especially big farm businesses, and have to comply with californias strict environmental laws. Republicans led by LaMalfa are creating a petition to put this rail line back on the ballot, but it is unlikely because the measure wouldn’t reach the statewide ballot box until November 2014, which is 18 months after construction is scheduled to start. I chose this article because it I think this would be a great addition to our state because it would open up many jobs which we desperately need. It would also take many cars off the road which would be a nice change in congested areas and would also reduce the amount of flights from sfo to la. In the beginning it would be expensive but later on in the future it would pay off with much more I don’t know why we are building this now while we are in a recession and not back in better times. I think they should have built this years ago. California needs more transportation like this and hopefully this could spark more trains to be built to replace the use of so many cars. I don’t think this article is biased because it is showing both points of view of people who want it and don’t want it. If I had the power to build this or not, I would have built this years ago because I think right now we need to put that money to better use such as education. How to cite California Bullet Train, Papers

Abraham Lincolns assassination Essay Example For Students

Abraham Lincolns assassination Essay Abraham Lincolns assassination was a malevolent ending to an already bitter and spiteful event in American history, the Civil War. John Wilkes Booth and his group of co-conspirators developed plans in the late summer of 1864 to only kidnap the President and take him the Confederate capital of Richmond and hold him in return for Confederate prisoners of war. Booths group of conspirators: Samuel Arnold, Michael OLaughlen, John Surratt, Lewis Paine, George Atzerodt, David Herold, and Mary Surratt Johns wife, made plans on March 17, 1865, to capture Lincoln, who was scheduled to see a play at a hospital in the outskirts of Washington. However, Lincoln changed plans and remained in the capital Booth 98 On April 9, 1865, General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox. Two days later Lincoln delivered a speech in front of the White House to a group that had gathered outside. Booth, being present in this group, heard Lincoln suggest that certain voting rights should be granted to the blacks. Infuriated, being a racist, Booths plans now turned from the kidnapping of Lincoln to his assassination Lewis, Neely 115 Three days before his assassination Lincoln told of a dream he had to his wife and one of his friends, Ward Hill Lamon. According to Lamon, the President said: About ten days ago, I retired very late. I had been waiting up for some important dispatches from the front. I could not have been long in bed when I fell into a slumber, for I was weary. I soon began to dream. There seemed to be a death-like stillness about me. Then I heard subdued sobs, as if a number of people were weeping. I thought I left my bed and wandered downstairs. There the silence was broken by the same pitiful sobbing, but the mourners were invisible. I went from room to room; no living person was in sight, but the same mournful sounds of distress met me as I passed along. I saw light in all the rooms; every object was familiar to me; but where were all the people who were grieving as if their hearts would break? I was puzzled and alarmed. What could be the meaning of all this? Determined to find the cause of the state of things so mysterious and shocking, I kept on until I arrived at the East Room, which I entered. There I met a sickening surprise. Before me was a catafalque, on which rested a corpse wrapped in funeral vestments. Around it were stationed soldiers who were acting as guards; and there was a throng of people, gazing mournfully upon the corpse, whose face was covered, others weeping pitifully. Who is dead in the White House? I demanded of one of the soldiers, The President, was his answer; he was killed by an assassin. Then came a loud burst of grief from the crows, which woke me from my dream. I slept no more that night; and although it was only a dream, I have been strangely annoyed by it ever since. Online http://members. aol. com Was it possible that President Lincoln knew of his assassination before it actually happened? On the morning of Friday, April 14, Booth stopped by Fords Theatre and found out that President Lincoln and General Grant were planning on attending the evening performance of Our American Cousin. Booth then held one final meeting with the conspirators and said he would kill Lincoln at the theater, he had found out that Grant had left town. Atzerodt was to kill the Vice-President Andrew Johnson at Kirkwood House where he resided. Powell and Herold were assigned to kill the Secretary of State William Seward. Both attacks were scheduled to take place simultaneously at approximately 10:15 p. m. that night. Booth hoped that the resulting chaos and weakness in the government could lead to a comeback for the South :Lewis, Neely 187 At about 7:00 p. m. William H. .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942 , .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942 .postImageUrl , .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942 , .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942:hover , .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942:visited , .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942:active { border:0!important; } .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942:active , .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942 .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u27d350d68bcea336f55a4a1365e78942:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hamlet Story EssayCrook, Lincolns bodyguard, was relieved three hours late by John Parker. Parker was told to be on hand at Fords Theatre when the Presidential party got there. Crook said, Good night, Mr. Lincoln. The President replied, Good-bye, Crook. According to Crook this was a first. Lincoln ALWAYS previously said, Good night, Crook. Reck 148 Around 8:00 p. m. the Lincolns left the White House in a stage coach and proceeded to pick up Clara Harris and Major Rathbone. Parker led the way into the theater, with the play already in progress. When Lincoln entered the acting stopped and they played Hail to the Chief. The audience rose to their feet and applauded the President. Once he was seated in the state box the play continued. Booth arrived at Fords Theatre at 9:30 p. m. armed with a single shot derringer and a hunting knife. Joseph Burroughs, a boy who worked at the theater held his horse in the rear alley while Booth went to get a drink at a nearby saloon. He reentered the theater at 10:07 p. m. and slowly made his way towards the state box. John Parker had just left his post. At about 10:15 p. m. , Booth opened the door and shot Lincoln in the back of the head at near point-blank range, and struggled with Rathbone. Booth stabbed Rathbone in the arm and jumped about eleven feet to the stage. When he crashed to the floor he snapped the fibula bone in his left leg. Many in the theater thought they heard him yell Sic Semper Tyrannis, latin for as always to tyrants. Booth flashed his knife to the crowd and made his way across the stage in front of more than 1,000 people. It happened so quick no one had time to stop him. Booth escaped out the back door and left the city Lewis, Neely 261-263. The other half of the plan to kill Vice-President Johnson and Secretary of State Seward was basically a failure. Atzerodt made no attempt to kill Johnson, and Powell stabbed Seward but it failed to kill him. Herold escaped from the capital using the same bridge, the Navy Yard Bridge, as Booth. The two met in Maryland and stopped briefly around midnight in Mary Surratts tavern, where they had supplies ready to flee to the South. At around 4:00 a. m. they arrived at the home of Dr. Samuel Mudd who set and splinted Booths broken leg. Back in Washington, the bullet had entered Lincolns head about three inches behind his left ear and traveled about seven and a half inches into the brain. The first doctor to attend to the President was Charles Leale. He knew right then that the wound was mortal and the President wouldnt be able to recover. Lincolns body was carried across the street to the Peterson House. Armed soldiers guarded the house while a night long death watch began. Doctors said an average man with this type of wound would have died in two hours, Lincoln lasted nine. At 7:22 and 10 seconds a. m. on April 15, 1865 President Abraham Lincoln was dead. Upon hearing of the news Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton said, Now he belongs to the ages. Federal authorities caught up with Booth and Herold at Garretts farm near Port Royal, Virginia on the morning of April 26. Hiding in a barn, Herold gave up, but Booth would not so he has fatally shot. Within days of their capture the co-conspirators were arrested by the government. All were found guilty by a military tribunal. Mrs. Surratt, Powell, Atzerdot, and Herold were all hanged on July 7, 1865. Dr. Mudd, OLaughlin, and Arnold were given life terms in prison. John Surratt fled to Canada and then escaped to Europe, where he was captured and was tried in 1867 in a civil court. The jury was deadlocked and Surratt went free. Dr. Mudd and Arnold were all pardoned by President Andrew Johnson early in 1869.